Burning brick



(Np Model.) 2 sheets-shet 1.

C. P. T. KANDELER.

BURNING BRICK.

No.. 305,599. 5 Patented Sept. 23.1884.

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. C. 1:". T. KANDELER.

4BURNING BRICK. No. 305,599.

Patented Sept. 2 3, 1884.

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BURNING BRICK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 305,599, dated September 23, 1884.-.

Application filed August 20, 1884.

(No model.)

To all whom it may concer/z:

Be it known that I, C. F. THnoDoR KAN- DELER, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, i

residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burning Brick; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

. My present invention is in the nature of an improvement upon that described and claimed in Letters Patent of the United States No. 283,402, granted to me August 2l, 1883. Since making the application for my aforesaid patent practical experience in burning brick upon the plan and with the meansset forth therein has suggested to me the improvements hereinafter described and claimed.

Reference to my aforesaid patent will disclose the object of the invention to be to burn brick progressively and to provide means whereby the burning may be carried on in a manner to produce a better quality of brick at a cost much lower than-it had hitherto been possible to do by the methods and with the devices then hitherto employed, by building on section after section of kiln as the contents of previous sections are undergoing the process of burning, whereby the utmost effect of the products of combustion is attained by vdrawing the heat from the piles of brick in a burning portion into another portion contain` ing green brick, to cause the heat to come into contact with the latter, means being also provided to prevent the admission of cold air into the interior of the kiln, and thus avoid its injurious effect upon the product. By the above method the heat from the burning brick'is utilized in heating the air for the tire; the products of combustion impart to the brick almosttheir entire heat before escaping from the kiln, and the brick are heated and cooled evenly and gradually. The advantages attained by my invention, disclosed in my aforesaid patent, are likewise attained, but in a higher degree, by my present improvement, in which the construction ofthe device enables a still further decrease in the cost of production over the old device.

An important improvement in my present over my former invention consists in the omission of one step in the construction of the is now found, be dispensed with to advantage,

and permanent side walls may be provided instead throughout the whole extent of the kiln, which walls may be made more nearly air-tight than temporary ones and. thus prevent waste of heat. ing and a temporary end wall are provided for the piled sections of brick as they are formed within the side walls.

A further improvement in the kiln consists in the employment of a temporary covering for the top in connection with the permanent side walls.

To disclose, in this connection, the state of the art to which `my invention relates-viz. to burning brick progressively, so far as it is known to me, and to distinguish it from other invent-ions of which I am cognizant, I will state that it is old to employ a permanent airtight covering upon permanent side walls, as it is also old, as will be seen by reference to my aforesaid patent, to employ a temporary covering with temporary side walls. The `reason why my present construction is preferable to that in which permanent side walls and a permanent covering are employed are, that a permanent covering, being necessarily arch` shaped, is expensive to construct, and is readily destroyed by the expansion and contraction produced by the heating and cooling of Onlya temporary coverthe material composing it, and that it is abis built with an air-tight covering to rest upon the material being burned and form the air` tight covering of brick having the spaces be" tween them carefully sealed. A still further improvement consists in providing longitudinal passages in the upper por- ICO Y proved kiln; Fig. 2, a side elevation, partly in transverse section showin gthevarious passa ges indicated inthe drawings, or in a curve or are piled within the permanent side walls toplaces in theform of arches s, in a section .40

` to lieupon the material to be. burned, and

.tion of the kiln, beside those which are provided in thebottom, whereby bettercirculation of the products of combustionis attained.

A fan is shown in my aforesaid patent, to be used for the purpose of drawing the heat from the portions containing burning brick through those upon which the heat from theformer is tofbe utilized.` l attain better results by employing steamjets for the purpose, which draw the products of combustion from different parts of the kiln at the same time.

The several improvements above described are clearly'shown'in'the"drawings, and areV more particularly described further on with reference to the drawings, in which- Figure l is a perspective view of my imsection, showing, by full lines in the sectional portion and by dotted lines in the portion not sectional, details of construction Fig. 3, a

formed inpiling the brick within the permanent side walls and showing the application of the eXhauster; Fig. 4, an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the kiln, showing in detail the preferred construction of the temporary covering; and Fig. 5, a longitudinal sectional view of the form of eXhauster which l prefer to employ, provided with my improved attachment.

A A are the 'permanent side walls of the kiln, which may be built in a straight line, as

any other desired form. Green brick previously dried sufficiently to permit handling `Without changing their form or injuring them ward the closed end t, provided with firepreferably about twenty-fonr to twenty-seven feet long, and in a manner to produce series of vertical fire-shafts r, preferably from three to four feet apart, and enlarged at the bottom to form receptacleslr for the ashes, longitudinal passages q, formed in horizontal series, one above the other and lin any desired number, and transverse passage p, provided, preferably, at each of the fourth transverseseries of fireshafts. The bricks are piled within the permanent side walls in a manner to produce ,spaces between them. /Vhen piled within the `permanent side wallsgin the manner above stated, the temporary covering B is provided comprises one layer. of brick placed ilatwise, each brick supporting three bricks upon their flat sides, but placed transversely to the first in a manner to causeone to cover the seam between the flat surface ofthe brick upon which it rests and the one next to it, to prevent any of the earth o, with which the whole is covered, from entering thekiln. In forming the covering B openings are provided which lead tothe nre-shafts r. Each opening is surrounded with a layer of brick, a, laid latwise and supporting'a rim, m, having an upwardprojecting flange, m, over which a l bell-shaped covering, C, provided with ahandie',vv Z, V"is fitted. After the 'piling of the brick lhas been accomplished the end'of the piled would answer my purpose, steam is fedto it from a suitable supply through the steam-pipe 7c. The novel feature of this part of my device consists in providing. suction-pipes i, of varying lengths, leading from the chamber of the exhauster to enter different portions of the kiln at the same time, to produce an effect hereinafter described.

. The preliminary sters above set forth having been taken, the whole is ready for the burnin 0'.

lo start the kiln, light fires are built within the arches s at the end of they kiln, and bells C in the transverse row nearest thearches are removed. X/Vhen the fire, started as above described, shall have become sufficiently intense-say after the expiration of twentyfour hours-the exhauster D is applied by inserting the suction-pipes into the see-ond trans verse passage poi' -the section first formed, to draw the air and products of combustion from the kiln, the bells C being at the same time replaced over the openings to the fire-shafts r, and the fires'in the arches s increased. After .the lapse of another period of twenty-four lhours the eXhauster is withdrawn from the transverse passage p in which it was placed, andremoved to thenext transverse passage p, and the fire in the arches s is again increased, and so on until the material surrounding the vertical shafts rnearest the arches s of the kiln is red hot from -top to bottom. This condition is ascertained by looking into the fire'- shafts from the top, the coverings being removed for the purpose and afterward replaced. When such condition has been attained, fuel in the form of coal (no wood being required when thekiln has once been started) is dumped into them from the top. Coal-oil may also be used to advantage as fuel. lThis, however,need not be fed from the top of the kiln. After the pile shall have attained a red heat throughout about twenty-four feet of its longitudinal eX- tent theiires in the arches s may gradually be reduced,1though they should not be allowed to go out. Great care should be taken ,topre, vent extinguishment of these fires before the red heat shall be at least fifteen to twenty feet distant from the end of the kiln, as otherwise the cold air which enters from the end' prosection is formed between the permanent side walls, A, exactly in the manner as to passages, covering, dre., already described of the first section; or, if it is not desired to burn more brick, the last end of the kiln may, like the first end at starting, be burned off through arches from below.

The lire-shafts r are preferably formed with irregular sides by allowing at intervals brick to project into them, thereby to provide shelves to retain portionsof the fuel that is thrown in, which thus affords the advantage attained by its burning at various stages of elevation within the pile.

As before stated, the condition of the burning pile in any section of the kiln is ascertained by inspection through the tire-shafts viewed from the top or covering B. Itis of course desirable that the ii're should as far as possible burn with equal intensity throughout the portion of the kiln being burned, to effect which, since this condition of the lire is not self-sustaining, the suction-pipes 'i of varying lengths `are provided in connection with the exhauster D. These comprise tubes eX- tending, as before stated, froni'the chamber of the exhauster D, and which are inserted from the side of the kiln into a cross-passage, p, wherein they extend to varying distances, as shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings. Each tube t' is provided toward its end nearest the eXhauster with a valve or damper, lz., whereby communication of the eXhauster with the interior of the kiln, or portions of it, may be opened or closed. The object of this construction is to provide means for enabling the condition of the iire in differentparts of the burning kilnto be controlled. if, for instance, it shall be found on looking down a fire-shaft in one longitudinal series that the heat-is too intense in comparison with that in the others,

the operation of the exhauster upon this portion may be cheeked until the heat shall have been suificientlyequalized by closing the communication of the eXhauster with such portion by means of the proper valve or damper, h. It will readily be seen that manipulation of these dampers within the tubes t', of which any desired number may be provided, permits control of the condition of the heat within the kiln.`

It will be understood from what has hereinbefore been stated with `regard to the exhauster D that it is easily removable, the opening in the permanent wall A, leading to the crosspassage, which itY occupies, being closed by sealing on its removal. When lthe tubes i of the exhauster are'inserted into a cross-passage, p, of anewly-added section of brick piled within the permanent side walls, A, there is no necessity for removiugby hand the paper covering hereinbefore referred to as forming the end-wall, as this will be ruptured by the suction action of the eXhauster and consumed by the heat which the exhauster draws.

In addition to the advantages hereinbefore stated to be attained by the use` of my invention the following may be mentioned: 'The y bricks need not be removed from the position or soft, while lossfrom spoiled bricks amounts only to from one to iive per cent. The ring of the kiln presents no difficulties, and great saving of fuel isafforded. All hands perform the'same work throughout the season, and no smoke escapes from the kiln, but only steam and harmlessfire-gases. p

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, with a brick-kiln having permanent side walls between which the brick are piled and burned progressively, of an air-tight temporary covering provided in piling the brick to rest upon the material to be burned, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a brick-kiln, of an eXhauster having a suction-pipe running into the said kiln, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination, with abrick-kiln, of an exhauster, D, having a suction-pipe provided with longitudinal compartments i, to lie within and extend each to a differentportion of the kiln, as and for the purpose set forth.

4.-. The combination,with a brick-kiln having permanent side walls to contain brick to be burned progressively, and piled to produce longitudinal and transverse passages and vertical fire-shafts within the kiln, of a temporary air-tight covering to rest upon the material, and having openings provided with removable air-tight covers, said openings leading to the said fire-shafts, and means, adjustable within the said pile, for drawing the heat from the burning portions through the said longitudinal passages and between the bricks, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a brick-kiln containing brick piled to produce longitudinal and transverse passages and vertical fire-shafts, and to be burned progressively, and sealed at one end, a. temporary air-tight covering to rest upon the material to be burned, and having openings provided with removable air-tight covers,the said openings leading to the said fire-shafts, and one or pile, and through which .steam is forced to draw the heat from the burning brick through the said longitudinal passages and between the bricks, as and for the purpose set forth. 6. rihe combination, with a brick-kiln containing piled brick to be burned progressively, of a temporary air-tight covering lcomprising one or more layers of brick having the spaces between them sealed and provided with openings, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

C. F. THEODOR KANDELER. In presence of- Horario Annnnson, DOUGLAS DYRENFORTH.

IOO

y more steam-nozzles adjustable within the said 

